外贸英语平时作业（四）

一、词组翻译          20%

1.     竞争规则               2.        补贴                      3.        反倾销                   4.        投资规定

5.     高技术                   6.        半成品                   7.        租赁                      8.        资金储备

9.     赢利                      10.        债务国           

二、填空              20%

(multilateral trade, sustainable development, headquarters, shares and benefits, forum, non-discriminative, account for, settling trade disputes, positive efforts, environment)

The World Trade Organization was established on January 1, 1995 with the    1     in Geneva, Switzerland. Its 145 members together    2     more than 95% of the world trade today. The World Trade Organization is in fact a full set of international trading rules composed of various    3     agreements. It aims to improve living standard and ensure full employment; to increase people's real income and effective demand considerably and steadily; to expand the production and trade of goods and services; to stick to the principle of    4     by demanding that each member of the organization endeavor to promote the best use of world resources and protect the    5     ; to make    6     to ensure that developing countries, and especially the least-developed among them will secure in the growth of international trade the    7     commensurate with the needs of their economic development. With these in mind, the World Trade Organization operates as a    8     for global trade rule-making and liberalization, a place for    9     between its members and attaches significant importance to the principle of being    10     , freer, predictable, more competitive and more beneficial for less-developed countries.

三、英译中            30%

1. Good leadership involves responsibility to the welfare of the group which means that some people will get angry at your actions and decisions. It's inevitable, if you're honorable. Trying to get everyone to like you is a sign of mediocrity: you'll avoid the tough decisions, you'll avoid confronting the people who need to be confronted, and you'll avoid offering differential rewards based on differential performance because some people might get upset. Ironically, by procrastinating on the difficulty choices, by trying not to get anyone mad, and by treating everyone equally “nicely” regardless of their contributions, you'll simply ensure that the only people you'll wind up angering are the most creative and productive people in the organization.

2. The trading companies' elaborate communications networks — by far their strongest suit — are also in serious trouble. In April new legislation will liberalize Japan's telecommunications market, ending the prohibition that prevented companies from connecting their computers directly with those of other firms. When the new law takes effect, Japanese companies will be able to check price information, place orders and even make direct payments through computers. That may drastically lessen their need for middlemen to perform such functions for them. The impact on the shosha will be tremendous. “Once computers are exchanging information directly with each other, ” says Hajime Karatsu, chairman of a government pane on the social impact of advanced computers, “what will the shosha be able to offer their customers?”

3. The World Bank is easy to understand. The lending nations subscribe toward its capital stock in proportion to their economic importance. The Bank can use its capital to make international loans to people or countries whose projects seem economically sound but who cannot get private loans at reasonably low interest rates.

The World Bank's true importance arises form something greater than the loans that it can make out of its own capital. More important is the fact that it can float bonds and use the proceeds to make loans. The bonds are safe because they are backed by the credit of all the nations. Also, the Bank can insure loans in return for a small premium; private parties can then put up the money, knowing the Bank's credit is squarely behind the loan.

四、问答题            30%

1.     What will the World Bank do if it can't get its loans repaid?

2.     Why is it said that now the sogo shosha are in trouble?

3.     What could probably cause your soldiers not to bring you their problems?

4. How was the multilateral trading system developed?

5. What does “golden jubilee” mean?

6. Why do good leaders continually encourage people to challenge the process?