《计算机专业英语》复习辅导

一、复习内容和要求

1．需要熟练掌握的内容包括：

涉及以下知识点的基本专业词汇、词组和句型：

•  计算机系统硬件组成： CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O System

•  计算机操作系统：定义，分类， Windows XP的简单应用

•  计算机应用软件：定义，分类， Word XP的简单应用

•  数据库系统：基础知识，分类， SQL Server的简单应用

•  程序设计：概述，编程语言简介， Visual Basic 的简单开发

•  软件工程：概述，面向对象的分析，软件测试

•  计算机网络：基础知识，因特网， TCP/IP协议

•  计算机应用系统：管理信息系统，电子商务，多媒体系统

•  其他：数据仓库，网络安全

2．需要掌握的内容包括：

（1） 涉及以上知识点、篇幅适中的一般英文文献的阅读

（2）涉及以上知识点、难度适当、篇幅较短的英文文献的翻译

3．需要了解的内容包括：

涉及以下知识点的专业词汇、词组和句型：

•  计算机系统硬件：分类，显示器和系统单元，辅助存储器，扩展卡，虚拟现实输出设备，先进输入设备

•  计算机操作系统：操作系统性能，操作系统简史， UNIX系统概述，Windows XP家庭版，Windows NT操作系统

•  计算机应用软件： Winzip, Macromedia Flash， 办公自动化及其形式

•  数据库系统：数据库安全性， Web数据库访问的类型，数据库的类型，SQL Server管理，SQL Server备份和还原

•  程序设计：过程化、结构化和面向对象的对比，程序语言的历史， Java, VB6的新特点， VB中的类

•  软件工程：软件的生命周期，软件开发过程，面向对象的语言，软件质量保证，软件维护

•  计算机网络：在通信介质中发送数据，网络拓扑，网络搜索策略，电子邮件，网络连接， ISDN

•  计算机应用系统：管理信息系统类型， ERP系统，电子商务的优势，电子商务引发的问题，多媒体计算机简介，MP3简介

•  其他：数据仓库中对时间的处理，病毒防护基础，网络安全和社会工程

二、模拟试题及规范解答举例

Ⅰ .   Vocabulary( 词汇 )(30 分 )

( 一 ) ． Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese ( 写出下列词组的 汉语 。 )( 共 10 分，每题 1 分 )

1. central processing unit （ CPU ）     

2. operating system

3. hard disk                                                        

4. management information system                    

5. electronic commerce                                                                 

6. data warehouse                    

7. Software engineering                                                 

8 ． Property Window

9 ． machine language                                                                    

10 ． computer virus                   

( 二 ) ． Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations. ( 根据汉语写出相应的 英语缩写 。 ) ( 共 10 分，每题 1 分 )

1 ．随机存储器                                                     2 ．局域网                 

3 ．传输控制协议                                                4 ．文件传送 [ 输 ] 协 议               

5 ．通用串行总线                                                6 ． 面向对象编程             

7 ． 集成开发环境                                                  8 ．结构化查询语言               

9 ．数据库管理系统                                            10 ． 多文档界面

（三） Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right column.( 将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。 )( 共 10 分，每空 1 分 )

1 ．                                      6.                        

2 ．                                      7 ．                     

3 ．                                      8.                        

4 ．                                      9.                        

5 ．                                      10.                      

(    )

（一） Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions from the list given below, and change the form where necessary. （从下面 方框中 选择合适的词或表达，以其适当的形式填空。） (10 分 , 每空 1 分 )

black box testing        internal       bug         thorough      reveal

output       faults      valid           white box testing       lifecycle

Software testing, which is defined as the execution of a program to find its_____ _    _ _, is a vital part of the software                           . There are different types of testing, mainly, they are ___          __    __ _ or functional testing, which tests whether the ___ __     _ __ is the expected result with the __ ___      __ input; and ____ __      _ ____ (or glass box testing) which is performed to ____       _ __ problems with the_ ___      _ ____ structure of a program . Debugging is the process of analyzing and locating bugs when software does not behave as expected.   Software testing is a much more ____      _ ______ means of identifying software __ _       ____. Therefore, debugging supports testing other than replacing testing.

Passage A

During initial days of computing, software was largely developed by small groups of people. When this software was to be maintained by another set of people, it used to be a nightmarish experience. When large commercial projects were to be handled, it used to be an almost impossible task to keep the time and budget under control, and projects used to get delayed and many projects were abandoned halfway. There was no systematic procedure for the software development; everything was done on ad hoc basis. This ad hoc approach led to the ‘software crisis'.

Over the last few decades there has been a tremendous growth in information technology and its impact on everyday life. Complex software systems have become critical to the operation of many systems in areas such as banking, communications, manufacturing, power generation, and transportation. Progress in computer science and accumulated experience with industrial production of software have led to the emergence of software engineering as a separate discipline. The software engineering discipline has been defined as "the application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approaches to the development, operation, and maintenance of software." that is, the application of engineering to software .

The computer science discipline concerns with developing large applications. Software engineering covers not only the technical aspects of building software systems, but also management issues, such as directing programming teams, scheduling, and budgeting.

For developing a software product, the development process is divided into different stages. A convenient way of splitting the whole process is to divide the development into the following five stages:

Requirements Analysis & Specification : define the system requirements in detail

Design : specify system architecture and modules in detail

Coding : produce source code

Testing : deal with unit testing and system testing

Maintenance: fix bugs, enhance features and adapt across platforms.

(     )

During initial days of the development of software, everything was done in discipline.                                            

2.

(     )

(    )

(     )

(     )

5.   Software engineering only covers the technical aspects of building software systems.

Passage B

  A computer virus is a computer program that is created to make and spread copies of itself. The program may however also be designed to have other effects on the systems it infects, ranging from the annoying to the disastrous.

Virus attacks are growing rapidly these days. According to BusinessWeek, the 76,404 attacks reported in the first half of 2003 nearly match previous year's total number . As new antivirus tools are more powerful than before, the virus writers are getting a lot smarter with newer and creative ways to attack network systems. Let's first examine some common virus types:

Basic Virus - a piece of software code that is developed to attack computers and network systems via email or Internet connections. It quickly replicates itself and gradually attaches to files, programs or the hard drive.

Trojan Horses - This is a program that doesn't replicate when entering a system but can be effectively used to open 'back doors.'   Trojan Horses allow hackers to take control over a particular system or to steal very important data.

Worm - this type of virus is able to spread itself automatically over the network from one computer to the next. During a worm attack, users' computers get infected without even having to click open email attachment or any program, etc.

Since it is very difficult to avoid the virus, your best defense is a powerful antivirus program. In order to fight with such viruses, the software vendors should focus on making their products more robust. This may ask for a trade-off between user-friendliness and security. In specific cases it may require line-by-line inspection, code retooling and even systems automation to defend the installed programs.

( 三 ) 、 choose the best answer according to the passage   B.( 根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。 10 分，每题 2 分 )

1 ． A computer virus is a computer program that is created to make and spread                  of itself.

A ． programs        B ． virus            C ． copies              D ． files

2 ． Worm spread itself except   by                      .

    A ． network       B ． E-mail        C ． program           D ． hardware

3 ． Antivirus program can scan and                     virus.

    A ． clean             B ． produce     C ． replicate          D ． make

  4 ． Trojan Horses                                             .

A ． quickly replicate itself and gradually attache to files, programs or the hard drive.

B ． infect the computer without even having to click open email attachment or any program.

C ． allow hackers to take control over a particular system or to steal very important data.

D ． avoid the virus to attack computer.

5 ． According to BusinessWeek, the                      attacks reported in the first half of 2003 nearly match previous year's total number .

   A ． 86,404         B ． 76,404        C ． 56,354            D ． 34,876

Passage C

     The Internet, then known as ARPANET, was brought online in 1969, which initially connected four major computers at universities in the southwestern US . The early Internet was used by computer experts , engineers, scientists, and librarians. There was nothing friendly about it. There were no home or office personal computers in those days, and anyone who used it, whether a computer professional or an engineer or scientist or librarian, had to learn to use a very complex system.

      The Internet matured   in the 1970's as a result of the TCP/IP architecture. As the commands for E-mail, FTP , and telnet were standardized, it became a lot easier for non-technical people to learn to use the nets. It was not easy by today' s standards by any means, but it did open up use of the Internet to many more people in universities in particular. Other departments besides the libraries, computer, physics, and engineering departments found ways to make good use of the nets -- to communicate with colleagues around the world and to share files and resources.

      In 1991, the first really friendly interface to the Internet was developed at the University of Minnesota. The University wanted to develop a simple menu system to access files and information on campus through their local network.

     Since the Internet was initially funded by the government, it was originally limited to research, education, and government uses. Commercial uses were prohibited unless they directly served the goals of research and education. This policy continued until the early 1990's, when independent commercial networks began to grow.

( 四 ) Choose the best answer according to Passage C. （ 根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。 10 分，每题 2 分 )

1. How many computers were connected to the initial Internet in 1969 ?

A. Ten        B. Four       C. Twenty       D. Three

2. Only                                   could use the early Internet.

    A. computer experts, engineers, scientists, and librarians

    B. any experts, engineers, scientists, and librarians

    C. computer experts, engineers, scientists, and students

     D. experts, engineers, and scientists in universities in US

3. The Internet became a lot easier for non-technical people to learn and use because of the common

    A. commands       B. protocols      C. topologies                    D. architecture

4. The first really friendly interface to the Internet appeared with the introduction of   a           system for files and information access.

    A. computer                   B. operating     C. menu                       D. application

5. Which statement is not true according to Passage C?

    A. Many more people in universities began to use the Internet in the 1970s, but it wasn't as user-friendly as today's standards.

B. The restrictions   to commercial uses changed as the independent commercial networks were not funded by the government.

C. Commercial uses were allowed for the early Internet if they directly served the goals of research and education.

D. The early Internet was logged in from home or office personal computers.

五 Translation. 翻译 (30 分 )

（一）． Translate the following sentences into Chinese. （将下列句子翻译成汉语。）（共 20 分，每题 4 分）

1. A word processor enables you to create a document, store it electronically on a disk, display it on a screen, modify it by entering commands and characters from the keyboard, and print it on a printer.

2. During the last few years, it has been realized that maintenance of programs is more expensive than development, so reading of programs by humans is as important as writing them.

3. An application software is any program designed to perform a specific function directly for the user or, in some cases, for another application program.

4 ． There are several applications called Web browsers that make it easy to access the World Wide Web, two of the most popular being Netscape Navigator and Microsoft's Internet Explorer.

( 二 ) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. （将下段文章翻译成汉语。）（共 10 分）

SQL Server is a RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) made by Microsoft. This means that the data is stored in two dimensional tables. RDBMSs all have tables called catalogs or dictionaries that contain information about the particular databases. Don't worry if that doesn't make sense. I like to think of SQL Server as the big brother to Microsoft Access.   SQL Server is designed to allow thousands of users to access the database at the same time and is a true client/server database system. It is much more secure than Access. Rights can be assigned to individual users and administrators. For example you can setup one user that can only insert data in the database but cannot delete any.

参考答案

Ⅰ .   Vocabulary( 词汇 )(30 分 )

( 一 ) ． Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese ( 写出下列词组的 汉语 。 )( 共 10 分，每题 1 分 )

1 ．中央处理器       2 ．操作系统       3 ．硬盘          4 ．管理信息系统        5 ．电子商务

           6 ．数据仓库            7 ．软件工程       8 ．属性窗口      9 ．机器语言          10 ．计算机病毒

( 二 ) ． Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations. ( 根据汉语写出相应的 英语缩写 。 ) ( 共 10 分，每题 1 分 )

1 ． RAM     2 ． LAN     3 ． TCP     4 ． FTP     5 ． USB     6 ． OOP     7 ． IDE     8 ． SQL

9 ． DBMS     10 ． MDI

（三） Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right column.( 将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。 )(10 分，每空 1 分 )

1 ． b                                    6.     i                                           

2 ． c                                     7 ． j                     

3 ． e                                     8.   d                            

4 ． g                                     9.   f                           

                   5 ．   h                                    10.   a             

(    )

（一） Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions from the list given below, and change the form where necessary. （从下面 方框中 选择合适的词或表达，以其适当的形式填空。） (10 分 , 每空 1 分 )  

  faults         lifecycle         black box testing       output         valid        white box testing

reveal           internal       thorough       bugs

（二） Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A. （根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）（ 10 分 , 每题 2 分）

1. F       2.T       3.F         5.T       6.F

( 三 ) 、 choose the best answer according to the passage   B.( 根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。 10 分，每题 2 分 )

1 ． C    2. D    3. A     4. C     5. B

( 四 ) Choose the best answer according to Passage C. （ 根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。 10 分，每题 2 分）

1 ． B      2.A      3. B     4. C     5. D

Ⅲ .Translation. 翻译 (30 分 )

( 一 ) Translate the following sentences into Chinese. （将下列句子翻译成汉语。）（每题 5 分）

1 . 字处理器（软件）让你能够去创建一个文档，将它电子方式地存储在磁盘上，显示在显示器中，从键盘中输入命令和字符去修改它，以及在打印机上打印出来。

2 . 在过去的几年里，人们已经意识到程序的维护比开发更重要，所以程序的易读性和程序的书写一样重要。

3 ． 应用软件是直接为用户设计的具有专门功能的软件，或在某些情况下，为另一种应用程序设计的软件。

4 ．一些被称为网络浏览器的应用软件使访问万维网变的方便，其中较流行的两种是 Netscape Navigator 和 Microsoft's Internet Explorer 。

( 二 ) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. （将下段文章翻译成汉语。）（共 10 分）

SQL Server 是 Microsoft 开发的关系型数据库管理系统。这意味着数据存储在二维的表中。关系型数据库管理系统都具有被称为目录或字典的表，其中包含特定数据库的信息。如果不明白这一点也不用担心。我喜欢把 SQL Server 想象成 Microsoft Access 的老大哥。 SQL Serve r 被设计为允许数千用户同时访问数据库，并且是真正的客户机 / 服务器数据库系统，比 Access 更加安全。可以为个别用户和管理员分配权限。例如您可以设置某个用户只能在数据库中插入数据，而不能删除任何数据。